There are nuclear reactions like Nuclear fusion and Nuclear fission taking place in the Sun. I’ve already given the brief about the Sun in my blog, for which refer the link below. THE BURNING STAR
These nuclear reactions which usually occurs in the central region of the Sun where it is the hottest. The energy which is generated in that region of the Sun works its way out through the Sun. This energy gets out by radiation, while in the outer region it gets out by convection. Eventually, it makes it to the surface of the Sun and finally is radiated out into space. Due to the convection zone of the Sun , it has its own Magnetic field.
Magnetic fields are so important for some of the important events occurring on the Sun like
- Sun spots
- Solar flares
- Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)
SUN SPOTS
(The dark region in the image is know as Sunspots)
Sun spots are the area that appear dark on the surface of the Sun. They appear dark because they are cooler than the other parts of the Sun’s surface. Sun spots usually form at areas where the magnetic fields are so strong that they can keep some of the heat within the Sun from reaching the surface.
SOLAR FLARES
The magnetic field lines near the Sun spots often tangle, cross or reorganize . This will cause a sudden explosion of energy called Solar flares. They release a lot of radiation in space
CORONAL MASS EJECTION (CME’S)
Solar flares are sometimes accompanied by a Coronal Mass Ejection. CMEs are the huge bubbles of radiation and particles from the Sun. They explode into Space at very high speed when the Sun’s magnetic field lines suddenly reorganize.
EFFECT OF THESE EVENTS ON EARTH
Due to these events occurring on the Sun’s outer layer , there are some side effects in our Earth’s atmosphere. It has shown the possibility of predicting Earthquakes, sudden changes in atmospheric temperatures and erratic rainfall/snowfall patterns.
Our Earth has its own Magnetic field in their Northern and Southern poles. The magnetic field of the Earth is surrounded by a region called Magnetosphere. The magnetosphere prevents most of the particles from the sun, carried in solar wind from hitting the earth. Some particles from the solar wind can enter the magnetosphere. These electrons that enter at the magneto-tail are energized locally within the magnetosphere.The particles that enter from the magneto-tail travel toward the Earth and create the aurora.
These aurora may look beautiful but, if a solar flare is very intense, the radiation it releases can interfere with our radio communications here on Earth.
HOW EXACTLY THE EVENTS HAPPENING IN THE SUN ARE AFFECTING OUR EARTH?
When the particles from the Solar flares or CME’s impact with the atmosphere of the Earth, ionization takes place. During this ionization the thermal energy is utilized to produce a regional fall in the temperature of the earth, which may lead to sudden snowfall in higher latitude and altitudes of the Earth.
REAL TIME EXAMPLES
During the monsoon of 2003 there were continuous CME glances with the magnetic shield from a group of sunspots, which are responsible for the abnormal record rainfall in northern parts of India, especially Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana states, while states like Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and other southern parts of India did not receive adequate rain.
JANUARY 26, 2001 – GUJARATH EARTHQUAKE
Scientists did research with magnetometers just before major earthquakes have serendipitous recorded tiny, slow fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field. Satellites equipped with IR cameras could be used to detect seismic hot spots from space. In fact, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) examined infrared data collected by NASA’s Terra satellite, they discovered a warming of the ground in western India just before the powerful January 26, 2001, earthquake in Gujarat.
11 AUGUST, 2003 – EARTHQUAKE AT ANDAMAN ISLAND
It happened when Earth directed to CME’s also proceeded by a rise in Kp indices, Electron flux as well as X-ray flux.
CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY
To outcome these events affecting our Earth “Chandra X-Ray Observatory” is sent to the space.
Chandra X-ray observatory has seen X-ray outbursts from the star, which has helped to show that the magnetic field of the star is interacting with an orbiting disk of gas, and causing it to flare up intermittently through which we get the influence of solar flares on Earth’s environment.
REFERENCES:
http://astronomy.nmsu.edu/holtz/a110.fall08/a110notes/node6.html
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/solar-activity/en/
Ă¼https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3790986/
Ă¼http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/817/1/012045/pdf
Ă¼http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/3932/1/IJRSP%2035%286%29%20387-395.pdf
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