In this observable universe, we can detect different kinds of stars. One star you see may be brighter and the other might be more fainter comparatively. Sometimes, distance is a considerable factor but most of the time, it’s their luminosity we look for. In order to distinguish them in a better way, Danish Astronomer, Ejnar Hertzsprung called them as “giant” and “dwarf” stars. Giant stars being brighter than our Sun and dwarf stars being fainter than our Sun. Out of all the star types we have seen in my earlier article, dwarf stars are relatively small in size and have low luminosity.
The color of a Dwarf star can vary from blue to red, corresponding to their temperature. Blue being the hottest of all with temperature varying above 10,000 Kelvin and red being the coldest with a varying temperature of a few thousand Kelvin. Dwarf stars are sub-categorized as different types.
Let’s understand some of the basic Physics before we get into this. I say that there are different colors in stars, but when viewing from Earth, almost every star appears white in color. Why is that? It’s because of the Earth’s atmosphere. The color of a star depends only on its temperature. For example: if a temperature of a star is above 25,000 Kelvin, it appears to be blue in color, the hottest of all the stars. Our planet’s atmosphere has nitrogen molecules. These molecules scatter some of the shorter wavelengths. So, most of the stars appear white to our naked eye. The best example could be the sky itself! Our sky appears to be blue, because it is the sunlight that got scattered by Earth’s atmosphere.
In those days, Astronomers used the method called Wien’s law. And now, it can be studied using a method called Spectroanalysis. This method can not only analyse the various wavelengths produced in a star but it can also determine the elements that are burning inside a star.
To get a better understanding of the different classes of stars varied according to their temperature, Click here.
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